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The municipal divisions in Russia, called the municipal formations ((ロシア語:муниципальные образования)), are territorial divisions of the Russian Federation within which the state governance is augmented with local self-government independent of the state organs of governance within the law, to manage the matters of local character. 〔Кутафин О. Е., Фадеев В. И. Муниципальное право Российской Федерации. — М.: Велби, 2006. — 672 c. — ISBN 5-482-00718-9. — С. 301—302.〕 In the course of the Russian municipal reform of 2004–2005, all federal subjects of Russia were to streamline the structures of the local self-government, which is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russia. The reform mandated that each federal subject was to have a unified structure of the municipal government bodies by January 1, 2005, and a law enforcing the reform provisions went into effect on January 1, 2006. According to the law, the units of the municipal division (called municipal formations) are as follows: *Municipal district (or municipal raion), a group of urban and rural settlements, often along with the inter-settlement territories. In practice, municipal districts are usually formed within the boundaries of existing administrative districts. * *Urban settlement, a city/town or an urban-type settlement, possibly together with adjacent rural and/or urban localities * *Rural settlement, one or several rural localities *Urban okrug, an urban settlement not incorporated into a municipal district. In practice, urban okrugs are usually formed within the boundaries of existing cities of federal subject significance. *Intra-city territory of a federal city, a part of a federal city's territory. Since 2006 this kind of municipal units exists only in 3 cities: * *Moscow, see :ru:Список районов и муниципальных образований Москвы * *St.Petersburg, see :ru:Административно-территориальное деление Санкт-Петербурга * *Sevastopol, see :ru:Административно-территориальное деление города федерального значения Севастополя Territories not included as a part of municipal formations are known as inter-settlement territories. Since 2005, for statistical and tax purposes, all municipal formations are assigned codes according to the , abbreviated as ОКТМО. ==See also== *Elections in Russia#Local (self-government) elections 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Municipal divisions of Russia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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